What's the real punchline here? ... Hari's creating a 2nd Foundation, the psychic one, on Helicon vs some secret location on Trantor, as in the books.
And then, he realizes that Gaal's got "psychic" abilities and could help the 2nd Foundation. Hello?! Who was he recruiting to begin with?! People with extraordinary gymnastic abilities? Sure, add another psychic to Wanda's club (assuming that Wanda from the book is around) but now, the Mule doesn't even have to search very hard. Look no further than Hari's home planet for the psychic clubhouse.
As far as the Emperor goes, I'm suppose to be believe that a walk through a desert w/o food and water is suppose to conjure 'galaxy shattering' visions. Guess what? That happens to people, when they're mildly sleep deprived nevermind the whole desert visionquest which is as old as the times before the Old Testamount on our own earth. Almost anyone on a desert trip gets lightheaded and delusional, esp in face of the heat and dehydration.
And having visions or hallucinations doesn't say anything about the condition of one's soul given the fact that stories about 'Trinities' call it Osiris, Isis, and Horus in ancient Eqypt, Brahma, Atma, Vishnu in ancient & present-day India/Hinduism, Father, Son, & Holy Spirit in Christianity. It's called a universal archetype, if you're into Jung et al. Any signs of the symbol of 3 or even better, 7, which encompasses the deadly sins, the etheric bodies, the chakras, etc. If the Emperor saw three dancing elephants wrapped around seven gorillas then as far as I'm concerned, he's explained the essence of Kundalini Yoga through a metaphor. Congrats, he's now Guru Cleon the 13! Eat your heart out Dalai Lama, there's a new Bodhisattva in town!
If this is the religion of 10000 years from now, then I'll stick with earth's denominations.
And the jump ship piece was just dragged out from the prior episode. Nothing new here except that I think Farra and Salvor won't be becoming friends in the future.
I'm not convinced yet that the coin that Salvor uses isn't a trick coin. It's true that she mentions her coin trick to Lewis when she's trying to convince him to let her navigate the jump of the Invictus, but frankly, I'm not sure what Salvor's mental state is supposed to be like by then. She's gone through a lot.
As for the possible secrecy of Hari Seldon-type research in the real world, I don't rule it out, but I'm more inclined to think that people are simply discouraged from following those avenues too far. Anyway, if you are comparing levels of secrecy, I do believe that official archaeology leaves a whole lot of things out. And before the first Pharaoh of Egypt there was Gobekli Tepe. I'm no archaeologist and I don't know how to compare the relative levels of technology, but I wouldn't rule out that it's possible that Gobekli Tepe, or some other archaelogical site that is definitely older than the first Pharaoh of Egypt, could be in some ways more advanced.
I don't have any strong opinions on how stupid or wise are Eto Demerzel's beliefs, because religion isn't my strong suit, but 11,000 years looks like enough time to weed out a lot of stupid beliefs. Then, I'm not sure what are Demerzel's limitations. I accept it's possible people can get visions that contain genuinely useful insights, but I think people can be easily tempted into believing that an insight from a vision is worthwhile just because it came in a vision, so I'd put a big ? on any such things unless there was some sort of strong confirmation of the usefulness of the vision.
Or to go to Thorn's point, I don't have a problem with religion as such, more with the assumption that religion can't be explained from a scientific point of view. I mean, it isn't as if scientists aren't happy to admit that human beings can be irrational, intuition is a real thing, and psychology can be a very tricky subject. And sure, I do get that a TV series has to try to appeal to a lot of different people. And I know that a lot of religious people have a problem with scientists just on principle, but isn't it high time that we stopped that? Especially because it all tends to come to a head on funerals, that often are the most dreary business.
It looks like in the series Hari Seldon wasn't aware of the particular kind of psychic abilities that Gaal has till now. A good question is whether Salvor has the same kind of psychic abilities. I'm inclined to think not, just because it would make most sense to me if Gaal's abilities are tied to her math talent, and Salvor doesn't seem to be maths-inclined.
As for the Second Foundation being in Helicon, and Helicon being a dark star, that's interesting, and from a certain point of view, not that surprising. The weird thing about psychohistory, it officially does not exist, but you can find lots of people believe in it. (How many conspiracy theories talk about the great globalist planners?) Stranger yet, every time somebody comes close to anything that looks a bit like the grand idea of psychohistory, it gets really weird. Malthus. Marx. The "Limits to Growth" book model associated with the Club of Rome. (I have personally looked into this particular model and experienced first-hand some of the inexplicable strangeness attached to it.) So, I sort of get it. Hari Seldon is sort of not allowed to ever come into existence.
I agree with your point about the archetypes being as basic as they get, but then, that's how I gather that religion works (but then, my knowledge of religion is pretty basic, so take that into account). What I mean is that the easiest, most basic stuff is also the most powerful. Much like the most basic concepts in any discipline are also the most powerful. If you can introduce any change in a basic concept, and most people agree with you, then you've done something really impressive.
Which is, again, why I guess people don't allow Hari Seldon into existence. It would make the guy too powerful to handle.
As for the Emperor's lack of vision, well, he's the Emperor, so that makes things a little different, I think. A naked Emperor without any vision of the future is not the leader you'd wish on anyone.
BTW, I did speak to a practicing Mahayana Buddhist about this topic and her response was that the best meditation was not that of visionquests or even unconscious memories/dreams playing out but that of quietude and a still mind.
Interesting to note, Cleon's lack of vision in that pond was actually to closer to what she was looking for than the 3 petaled flower.